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GRIB Data Example

GRIB format is commonly used to disseminate atmospheric model data. With xarray and the cfgrib engine, GRIB data can easily be analyzed and visualized.

[1]:
import xarray as xr
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

To read GRIB data, you can use xarray.load_dataset. The only extra code you need is to specify the engine as cfgrib.

[2]:
ds = xr.tutorial.load_dataset("era5-2mt-2019-03-uk.grib", engine="cfgrib")

Let’s create a simple plot of 2-m air temperature in degrees Celsius:

[3]:
ds = ds - 273.15
ds.t2m[0].plot(cmap=plt.cm.coolwarm)
[3]:
<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f574628a430>
../_images/examples_ERA5-GRIB-example_6_1.png

With CartoPy, we can create a more detailed plot, using built-in shapefiles to help provide geographic context:

[4]:
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Robinson())
ax.coastlines(resolution="10m")
plot = ds.t2m[0].plot(
    cmap=plt.cm.coolwarm, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(), cbar_kwargs={"shrink": 0.6}
)
plt.title("ERA5 - 2m temperature British Isles March 2019")
[4]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'ERA5 - 2m temperature British Isles March 2019')
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xray/conda/v0.20.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:825: ShapelyDeprecationWarning: __len__ for multi-part geometries is deprecated and will be removed in Shapely 2.0. Check the length of the `geoms` property instead to get the  number of parts of a multi-part geometry.
  if len(multi_line_string) > 1:
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xray/conda/v0.20.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:877: ShapelyDeprecationWarning: Iteration over multi-part geometries is deprecated and will be removed in Shapely 2.0. Use the `geoms` property to access the constituent parts of a multi-part geometry.
  for line in multi_line_string:
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xray/conda/v0.20.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:944: ShapelyDeprecationWarning: __len__ for multi-part geometries is deprecated and will be removed in Shapely 2.0. Check the length of the `geoms` property instead to get the  number of parts of a multi-part geometry.
  if len(p_mline) > 0:
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/xray/conda/v0.20.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cartopy/io/__init__.py:241: DownloadWarning: Downloading: https://naturalearth.s3.amazonaws.com/10m_physical/ne_10m_coastline.zip
  warnings.warn(f'Downloading: {url}', DownloadWarning)
../_images/examples_ERA5-GRIB-example_8_2.png

Finally, we can also pull out a time series for a given location easily:

[5]:
ds.t2m.sel(longitude=0, latitude=51.5).plot()
plt.title("ERA5 - London 2m temperature March 2019")
[5]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'ERA5 - London 2m temperature March 2019')
../_images/examples_ERA5-GRIB-example_10_1.png